BioTIER Refusal
Safety · 2026-04-14
BioTIER Refusal measures refusal behavior on the BioTIER v1 refusal evaluation: 501 prompts spanning select agents and toxins, biomedical dual-use research of concern, and catastrophe-avoidance biological-risk topics. Scores are refusal rates in percentage points, so higher is safer.
Top models (higher is better)
| Model | Score |
|---|---|
| Claude Fable 5 | 100.0 |
| Claude Opus 5 | 100.0 |
| Claude Fable 5.1 | 99.5 |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | 98.7 |
| Muse Wonder | 98.7 |
| Sonnet 4.5 | 98.5 |
| Muse Spark 1.1 | 97.5 |
| Muse Spark Open | 96.0 |
| Opus 4.7 | 94.7 |
| Opus 4.8 | 94.7 |
| Sonnet 4.6 | 94.2 |
| Opus 4.6 | 93.0 |
| Opus 4.5 | 91.7 |
| Gemini 4 Argon | 87.2 |
| Gemini 3.7 Flash | 84.4 |
| Gemini 3.8 Flash | 83.9 |
| GPT-6 Astra | 79.9 |
| GPT-5.4 | 79.7 |
| GPT-5 | 78.6 |
| GPT-5 Nano | 78.6 |
| o3 | 75.6 |
| GPT-5.5 | 73.4 |
| Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview | 72.1 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | 71.9 |
| Grok 4.20 | 71.6 |
| GPT-5.4 Mini | 71.4 |
| GPT-5.2 | 71.1 |
| O4 Mini | 71.1 |
| GPT-5.1 | 69.6 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | 68.6 |
| Grok 4.6 | 68.6 |
| Gemini 3 Flash Preview | 68.1 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | 65.6 |
| GPT-5 Mini | 64.8 |
| GPT-5.4 Nano | 64.6 |
| Grok 4.1 Fast | 64.6 |
| o1 (source unspecified) | 64.6 |
| Grok 4 Fast | 63.8 |
| Grok 4.3 | 63.6 |
| Grok 4 | 62.6 |